Pontic language
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{{language |name=Pontic |nativename=Ποντιακά |familycolor=Indo-European |states=Greece, Turkey |region=Southeastern Europe |speakers=324,535 |fam2=Greek |fam3=Attic |iso2=ine|iso3=pnt}}
Pontic is a Greek language originally spoken on the shores of the Black Sea, the Pontus. Its speakers are Pontian Greeks.
Pontic's linguistic lineage stems from Attic Greek, and contains influences from Byzantine Greek, Turkish, and, to a lesser extent, Persian and various Caucasian languages.
Pontic and Standard Greek are mostly mutually incomprehensible, both because they developed independently for almost two millennia, and because of the influence of Ibero-Caucasian languages on Pontic in the middle ages.
- Example 1: Pontic en (is), Ancient Greek esti, Koine idiomatic form enesti, Biblical form eni, Modern Greek ine
- Example 2: Pontic temeteron (ours), Ancient Greek to(n) hemeteron, Modern Greek to(n) * mas
- Example 3: Pontic diminutive pedhin (little child), Ancient Greek paidion, Modern Greek pedhi
- Example 4 (combining 2 and 3): Pontic temeteron to pedin (our little child), Ancient Greek/Koine to hemeteron paidion, Modern Greek to pedi mas
Contents |
Terminology
| History of the Greek language (see also: Greek alphabet) |
| Proto-Greek (c3000BC)
|
| Mycenaean (c1600BC-1100BC)
|
| Ancient Greek Dialects: Aeolic, Arcadocypriot, Attic, Doric, Ionic |
| Koine Greek (from c323 BC)
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| Medieval Greek (c330-1453)
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| Modern Greek (from 1453) Dialects: Cappadocian, Cypriot, Demotic, Griko, Katharevousa, Pontic, Tsakonian, Yevanic |
- Rumja, Rumdza, Romeika (Greek Spekings from Trabzon)
Romeika sincevismi? (Do you speak Greek?) < Romei, Rum terms comes from Roman, citizen of Roman Empire
- Pontiaka (Pontic diaspora from Greece)
Location
Greek speaking villages list from Trabzon
- Tonya (17 villages)
- Sürmene (6 villages)
- Çaykara (17 villages)
- Dernekpazarı (13 villages)
- Uzungöl, Sheraxo (6 villages)
- Maçka? No information
- Torul, Yağlıdere, Santa, Kromni? No information
Comparison with Ancient Greek
- 1. In Trabzon Greek attach /e/ sound to ancient aorist suffix –ειν
| PONTIC | ANCIENT |
| ipìne | ειπείν |
| pathίne | παθείν |
| apothanίne | αποθανείν |
| piίne | πιείν |
| iδίne | ιδείν |
| fiίne | φυγείν |
| evrίne | ευρείν |
| kamίne | καμείν |
| faίne | θαγείν |
| mathίne | μαθείν |
| erthéane | ελθείν |
| menίne | μενείν |
- 2. Similiar infinitive –ηνα
| PONTIC | ANCIENT |
| anevίne | ειπείν |
| katevine | καταβήναι |
| embine | εμβήναι |
| evjine | εκβήναι |
| epiδeavine | αποδιαβήναι |
| kimethine | κοιμηθήναι |
| xtipethine | κτυπηθήναι |
| evrethine | ευρεθήναι |
| vrasine | βρχήναι |
| raine | ραγήναι |
- 3. First aorist -αι change with second aorist -είν
| PONTIC | ANCIENT |
| κράξαι | κράξειν |
| μεθύσαι | μεθύσειν |
- 4. Infinitive aorist /e/
ράψεινε, κράξεινε, μεθύσεινε, καλέσεινε, λαλήσεινε, κτυπήσεινε, καθίσεινε
- 5. Same aorist suffix –ka
| PONTIC | ANCIENT |
| eδoka | έδωκα |
| enδoka | ενέδωκα |
| epika | επουίκα |
| efika | αφήκα |
| ethika | έθεκα |
- 6. –ine infinitive change to -eane
External links
- Mark Janse, "Aspects of Pontic grammar", a Review Article of Drettas (1997). Summarizes the high points of the book.
- Ethnologue report for Pontic
Bibliography
- Georges Drettas, Aspects pontiques, ARP, 1997, ISBN 2951034903. "... marks the beginning of a new era in Greek dialectology. Not only is it the first comprehensive grammar of Pontic not written in Greek, but it is also the first self-contained grammar of any Greek “dialect” written, in the words of Bloomfield, “in terms of its own structure”." (Janse)
- Özhan Öztürk, Karadeniz: Ansiklopedik Sözlük. 2 Cilt. Heyamola Yayıncılık. İstanbul, 2005. ISBN 975-6121-00-9el:Ποντιακή γλώσσα
es:Póntico nl:Pontisch it:la lingua Pontica mk:Понтиски јазик bg:Пондийски език af:Pontis (taal)
