Hadith of the pond of Khumm
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Hadith of the pond of Khumm or Naration of the pond (Arabic: Hadith-i ghadir)is a famous Hadith in Islam about a event in the geographical location named Ghadir Khumm.
It is used by the Shia in arguing in favour of Ali's right to the Succession to Muhammad. The Sunnis interpret it otherwise.
According to Muslim sources, after the Farwell hajj, The Islamic prophet Muhamamd left to his home in Medina with only few people, where he met ,at a small well 100 miles away from Mecca, a group of people from Yemen, They complained to him that his appointed governer on Yemen, Ali, was harsh on them
After completing the pilgrimage, Muhammad left Mecca for Medina, where he and his followers reached a place called Ghadir Khumm, which is near to today's al-Juhfah. It was a place where people from different provinces used to greet each other before taking different routes for their homes. Shi'ism teaches that God revealed the following verse to Muhammad at Ghadir Khumm:
"O Messenger, deliver what has been sent down to you from your Lord; and if you do not do it, then you have not delivered His Message; and Allah will protect you from the people..." (The Holy Qur'ān, 5:67)
Shi'ism teaches that whatever Muhammad was instructed by God to "deliver" at this point was clearly significant because God warned that if it were not to have been delivered, then it would have been as though Muhammad had delivered nothing at all; even after all his years of Prophethood and despite all his efforts up to this point to establish Islam. Furthermore, Shi'ism teaches that God's words, "and Allah will protect you from the people..." was revealed, because Muhammad had anticipated that there would be objections to whatever was to be "delivered" to the people.
"O people! I am a human being. I am about to receive a messenger (the angel of death) from my Lord and I, in response to Allah's call, would bid good-bye to you), but I am leaving among you two weighty things: the one being the Book of Allah in which there is right guidance and light, so hold fast to the Book of Allah and adhere to it. He exhorted (us) (to hold fast) to the Book of Allah and then said: The second are the members of my household I remind you (of your duties) to the members of my family."
"O' people, who, among people, has greater awla over the believers than themselves?" They said: "God and His Messenger are knowledgeable." He said: "Certainly, God is my mawla, and I am the mawla of the believers, and I have greater awla on the believers than themselves, so for whoever I am his mawla, Ali is his mawla."
According to numerous Islamic scholars (both Sunni and Shi'a), the event at Ghadir Khumm is a credible one which has been narrated by about 110 companions of Muhammad. The debate lies in the definition attributed by either side to the term mawla adopted in the Prophetic tradition. The Sunnis believe that it means beloved friend. While the Shi'as believe that it means 'master'.
According to Shia sources, after the Farwell hajj, when people started to disperce on their way home, Muhammad ordered those that dispersed a head to come back and assemle i place near a Oasis called Ghadir Khumm. When they where assembled, over 100 000 muslims, ordered a high place to be built for him and went on top it and startrd to deliver a long sermon. At the end of it, he asked the people:
They affirmed his question. Then he asked:
- "Am I the authority (awla) whom you obey?" [1]
They answered, "We obey your directions." he then took Ali's hand and said:
- "O Allah! Love (wali ) those who love him (walaah) and be an enemy to those who are inimical to him.
- allahummu wali man walaah wa `adi man `adaah
- "(« من کنت مولاه فهذا علي مولاه اللهم وال من والاه و عاد من عاداه »)
After that, People came in line and shaked Alis hand. Umar said:
Sunni resources counter by the fact that the Prophet could have assigned Ali in his Farewell sermon few days before the incident of Gadir, when all the muslims attended the Hajj and listened to his final cermon. The Farewell sermon is undisputed in any details since it was heard by the majority of muslims who saw the Prophet on top of mount Arafat speaking to them. In the cermon the prophet said " I leave in you two things if you follow them you will never fail, the Quran and my Sunna ( my ways)" The Sunni resources dispute the details of Gadir Hadith such as excagurated number of muslims, and the huge distance of Gadir from Mecca in the most arid places in Arabia.
Note
1) ^ : The Quran 33:6 says:
Shakir translation:
- The Prophet has a greater claim (awla) on the faithful than they have on themselves, and his wives are (as) their mothers; and the possessors of relationship have the better claim in the ordinance of Allah to inheritance, one with respect to another, than (other) believers, and (than) those who have fled (their homes), except that you do some good to your friends; this is written in the Book.
Transliterated Arabic:
- Alnnabiyyu awla bialmu/mineena min anfusihim waazwajuhu ommahatuhum waoloo al-arhami baAAduhum awla bibaAAdin fee kitabi Allahi mina almu/mineena waalmuhajireena illa an tafAAaloo ila awliya-ikum maAAroofan kana thalika fee alkitabi mastooran
Reference
al-Bahrani In his Ghâyat al-marâm wa-hujjat al-hisâm, p.79, cites eighty nine different chains of transmission for this hadith from Sunni sources and forty three from Shi'a sources.
- The Beginning and the End by Ibn Kathir, vol. V. p. 208 and vol. VII, p. 346
- Dhakha'ir al-uqba. p.67
- al-Fusul al-muhimmah of Ibn Sabbagh. Najaf, 1950. vol.ll, p.23
- Khasa'is of Nasa'i Najaf 1369, p.31.
05. AUTHENTICITY
A). Consecutively naratted (Mutawatir) B). Numerous Sahih versions C). Dedicated treatisis by 26 authors (Most of them are sunnies) 06. NARRATORS
A). 110 companions of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.) B). 84 Successors (Tabiun) C). Over 360 scholars to the present day (Most of them are sunnies)
1: Abaqat al-Anwar a book written in Persian by Allama Mir Hamid Husayn al-Musawi (d. 1304 AH) of India. Allama Mir Hamid Husayn has devoted two bulky volumes (consisting of about 1,080 pages) on the isnad, tawatur and meaning of the hadith of Ghadir.
2: Al-Ghadir in 11 volumes in Arabic by Allama Abdul Husayn al-Amini where he gives with full references the names of 110 sahaba of the Prophet and also 84 tabi'un (disciples of the sahaba) who have narrated the hadith of Ghadir. He has also chronologically given the names of the historians, traditionists, exegesis's and poets who have mentioned the hadith of Ghadir from the first until the fourteenth Islamic century. [2]
External link
Sunni:
