Global city

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For a city spanning an entire planet, see Ecumenopolis

A global city (also known as a world city or world-class city) is a city that has a direct and tangible effect on global affairs through socioeconomic, cultural, and/or political means. In recent years, the term has become increasingly familiar, because of the rise of globalization (i.e., global finance, communications, and travel). The term "global city", as opposed to megacity, was first coined by Saskia Sassen in a seminal 1991 work.

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Though defining a global city must be partially subjective, these cities are generally seen as meeting most of the following criteria:

Several powerful and influential media outlets with an international reach are based in world cities, such as the BBC, The New York Times, Le Monde, The Chicago Tribune, and The Times.

In the Western World, London, New York, Paris, and Tokyo have been traditionally considered the "big four" world cities – not incidentally, they also serve as symbols of global capitalism. However, many people have a personal list, and any two lists are likely to differ based on cultural background, values, and experience.

In certain developed countries, especially the United States, the rise of suburbia and the ongoing migration of manufacturing jobs to developing countries has led to significant urban decay. Therefore, to boost urban regeneration, tourism, and revenue, the goal of building a "world-class" city has recently become an obsession with the governments of some mid-size cities and their constituents.

The phenomenon of world-city building, albeit with slightly more success, has also been observed in Sydney, Buenos Aires, Frankfurt, and Toronto: each of these cities has emerged as large and influential.

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GaWC Inventory of World Cities

An influential attempt to define and categorise world cities, was made by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group & Network (GaWC), based primarily at Loughborough University in England. The roster was outlined in the GaWC Research Bulletin 5 [1] and ranked cities based on their provision of "advanced producer services" such as accountancy, advertising, finance and law. The Inventory identifies three levels of world cities and several sub-ranks.

Note that this roster is weighted toward financial criteria and generally denotes cities in which there are offices of certain multinational companies providing financial and consulting services rather than other cultural, political and economic centres.

Alpha World Cities

Beta World Cities

Gamma World Cities

Evidence of World City Formation

There is a schematic map of the GaWC cities at their website, [2].

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Other global cities

The GaWC list is based on specific criteria and, thus, may not include other cities of global significance or elsewhere on the spectrum. For example, cities with the following:

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Table of the cities of the world

for selected criteria

Place Population of city [3] Population of metropolitan area [4] Percentage foreign born [5] Cost of living [6] Metro system by passenger rides Largest airports [7] Number of skyscrapers [8] Number of billionaires [9]
1 Shanghai Tokyo Miami Tokyo Moscow Atlanta Hong Kong London
2 Bombay New York City Toronto Osaka Tokyo Chicago New York City New York City
3 Karachi Mexico City Los Angeles London Seoul London Singapore Moscow
4 Buenos Aires Mumbai Vancouver Moscow Mexico City Tokyo São Paulo Geneva
5 New Dehli São Paulo New York City Seoul New York City Los Angeles Seoul Los Angeles
6 Manila Los Angeles Singapore Geneva Paris Dallas Tokyo Hong Kong
7 Moscow Shanghai Sydney Zürich Osaka Paris Istanbul San Francisco
8 Seoul Lagos Abidjan Copenhagen London Frankfurt Rio de Janeiro Paris
9 São Paulo Calcutta London Hong Kong Hong Kong Amsterdam Toronto Tokyo
10 Istanbul Buenos Aires Paris Oslo St. Petersburg Denver Buenos Aires
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External Links

es:Ciudad de clase mundial fr:Ville mondiale he:עיר עולם nl:Wereldstad pt:Cidades globais

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