July 23
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July 23 is the 204th day (205th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 161 days remaining.
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Events
- 1503 - Orbital calculations suggest that on this day Pluto moved outside Neptune's orbit, remaining there for 233 years.
- 1632 - 300 colonists bound for New France depart Dieppe, France.
- 1829 - In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the first typewriter.
- 1862 - American Civil War: Henry W. Halleck takes command of the Union Army.
- 1903 - Dr. Ernst Pfenning of Chicago, Illinois becomes the first owner of a Ford Model A.
- 1914 - Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia allowing the Austrians to find out who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand. When Serbia denies Austria-Hungary their demands World War I is sparked on July 28, 1914
- 1926 - Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.
- 1936 - In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of socialist and communist parties.
- 1940 - US Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles`s declaration on the US non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic States - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
- 1942- The Treblinka extermination camp is opened
- 1952 - General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser - the real power behind the coup) in the overthrow of King Farouk of Egypt.
- 1956 - The Loi Cadre is passed by the French Republic in order to order French overseas territory affairs.
- 1961 - Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) founded in Nicaragua.
- 1962 - Telstar relays the first live trans-Atlantic television signal.
- 1967 - 12th Street Riot: In Detroit, Michigan, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city (43 killed, 342 injured and ~1,400 buildings burned).
- 1970 - Qaboos ibn Sa’id, becomes Sultan of Oman.
- 1972 - The United States launches Landsat 1, first Earth-resources satellite.
- 1973 - Robert Anton Wilson, the occultist/philosopher, either achieved contact with extraterrestrials from Sirius or started a long-term period of having wild hallucinations, depending on which way you want to look at it.
- 1982 - The International Whaling Commission decides to end commercial whaling by 1985-86.
- 1983 - Gimli Glider: Air Canada flight 143 crash-lands in Gimli, Manitoba.
- 1984 - Vanessa Williams becomes the first Miss America to resign when she surrenders her crown after nude photos of her appeared in Penthouse magazine.
- 1986 - In London, Prince Andrew, Duke of York marries Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey.
- 1997 - Digital Equipment Company files antitrust charges against chipmaker Intel.
- 1999 - Crown Prince Mohammed Ben Al-Hassan, is crowned King Mohammed VI of Morroco at the death of his father.
- 1999 - Hijack of ANA Flight 61 in Tokyo.
- 2001 - Megawati Soekarnoputri becomes the fifth President of Indonesia, replacing Abdurrahman Wahid.
- 2003 - Operation Warrior Sweep is the first major military deployment of the Afghan National Army.
- 2004 - Eleven years after its destruction, Stari most (the Old Bridge) in Mostar is reopened.
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Births
- 1301 - Duke Otto of Austria (d. 1339)
- 1339 - King Louis I of Naples (d. 1384)
- 1626 - Sabbatai Zevi, Ottoman Jewish religious leader
- 1649 - Pope Clement XI (d. 1721)
- 1705 - Francis Blomefield, English topographer (d. 1752)
- 1734 - Antonio Maria Gaspare Sacchini, Italian composer (d. 1786)
- 1777 - Philipp Otto Runge, German painter (d. 1810)
- 1796 - Franz Berwald, Swedish composer (d. 1868)
- 1838 - Edouard Judas Colonne, French violinist (d. 1910)
- 1865 - Max Heindel, Danish Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic (d. 1919)
- 1884 - Emil Jannings, Swiss actor (d. 1950)
- 1886 - Salvador de Madariaga, Spanish League of Nations official (d. 1978)
- 1888 - Raymond Chandler, American author (d. 1959)
- 1892 - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (d. 1975)
- 1893 - Karl Menninger, American psychiatrist (d. 1990)
- 1894 - Arthur Treacher, English character actor (d. 1975)
- 1895 - Aileen Pringle, American actress (d. 1989)
- 1899 - Gustav Heinemann, President of Germany (d. 1976)
- 1906 - Vladimir Prelog, Croatian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
- 1918 - Bueno de Mesquita Dutch comedian and actor (d. 2005)
- 1918 - Pee Wee Reese baseball player (d. 1999)
- 1921 - Calvert DeForest, American actor
- 1923 - Witto Aloma, baseball player (d. 1997)
- 1933 - Bert Convy, American game show host, actor, and singer (d. 1991)
- 1936 - Shiv Kumar Batalvi, Punjabi revolutionary (d. 1973)
- 1936 - Don Drysdale, baseball player (d. 1993)
- 1936 - Anthony Kennedy, U.S. Supreme Court Justice
- 1938 - Juliet Anderson, American porn star
- 1938 - Götz George, German actor
- 1938 - Bert Newton, Australian actor and television show host
- 1940 - Don Imus, American talk radio host
- 1942 - Myra Hindley, English murderer (d. 2002)
- 1943 - Tony Joe White, American singer and songwriter
- 1947 - Gardner Dozois, American author
- 1947 - David Essex, English singer
- 1950 - Alex Kozinski, Romanian-born judge
- 1951 - Edie McClurg, American actress
- 1957 - Theo van Gogh, Dutch film director (assassinated) (d. 2004)
- 1961 - Martin Gore, English musician and songwriter (Depeche Mode)
- 1961 - Woody Harrelson, American actor
- 1965 - Slash, English-born guitarist (Guns N Roses)
- 1967 - Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor
- 1968 - Gary Payton, American basketball player
- 1970 - Thea Dorn, German writer
- 1971 - Dalvin DeGrate, American singer
- 1971 - Alison Krauss, American singer and fiddler
- 1973 - Nomar Garciaparra, baseball player
- 1973 - Francis Healy, Scottish rock musician (Travis)
- 1973 - Monica Lewinsky, White House intern
- 1974 - Terry Glenn, American football player
- 1974 - Maurice Greene, American athlete
- 1974 - Stephanie March, American actress
- 1976 - Judit Polgár, Hungarian chess player
- 1978 - Stefanie Sun, Singapore singer
- 1980 - Michelle Williams, American singer
- 1981 - Steve Jocz, Canadian drummer (Sum41)
- 1983 - Rebecca Cartwright, Australian actress
- 1986 - Tomas Cunha e Silva, Portuguese driver
- 1989 - Daniel Radcliffe, English actor
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Deaths
- 1227 - Qiu Chuji, Chinese Taoist (b. 1148)
- 1373 - Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (b. 1303)
- 1403 - Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, English rebel (executed) (born 1343)
- 1531 - Louis de Brézé, seigneur d'Anet, Marshal of Normandy and husband of Diane de Poitiers
- 1584 - John Day, English printer (b. 1522)
- 1692 - Gilles Ménage, French scholar (b. 1613)
- 1727 - Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain
- 1757 - Domenico Scarlatti, Italian composer (b. 1685)
- 1764 - Gilbert Tennent, Irish-born religious leader (b. 1703)
- 1773 - George Edwards, English naturalist (b. 1693)
- 1781 - John Joachim Zubly, Swiss-born Continental Congressman (b. 1724)
- 1793 - Roger Sherman, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1721)
- 1853 - Andries Pretorius, Boer leader (b. 1798)
- 1878 - Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky, Bohemian physician (b. 1804)
- 1885 - Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President of the United States (b. 1822)
- 1916 - Sir William Ramsay, Scottish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
- 1920 - Conrad Kohrs, German-born rancher (b. 1835)
- 1924 - Frank Frost Abbott, American classical scholar (b. 1850)
- 1942 - Adam Czerniakow, Polish engineer (suicide) (b. 1880)
- 1948 - D. W. Griffith, American film director (b. 1875)
- 1951 - Henri Philippe Pétain, leader of Vichy France (b. 1856)
- 1955 - Cordell Hull, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1871)
- 1966 - Montgomery Clift, American actor (b. 1920)
- 1968 - Henry Hallett Dale, English scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1875)
- 1971 - Van Heflin, American actor (b. 1910)
- 1973 - Eddie Rickenbacker, American pilot (b. 1890)
- 1982 - Vic Morrow, American actor (b. 1929)
- 1983 - Georges Auric, French composer (b. 1899)
- 1985 - Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (b. 1923)
- 1989 - Donald Barthelme, American author (b. 1931)
- 1997 - Chuhei Nambu, Japanese athlete (b. 1904)
- 1999 - King Hassan II of Morocco (b. 1929)
- 2001 - Eudora Welty, American author (b. 1909)
- 2002 - Leo McKern, Australian actor (b. 1920)
- 2002 - Dr. William L. Pierce, American author and activist (b. 1933)
- 2002 - Chaim Potok, American novelist and rabbi (b. 1929)
- 2003 - James E. Davis, New York City councilman (murdered) (b. 1962)
- 2004 - Mehmood, Indian actor (b. 1932)
- 2004 - Carlos Paredes, Portuguese musician and composer (b. 1925)
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Holidays and observances
- Egypt - Revolution Day (1952)
- Libya - Revolution Day
- Papua New Guinea - Remembrance Day
- Roman Empire - Neptunalia held in honor of Neptune
- Rastafari movement - Celebration of the birthday of Haile Selassie
- Astrology: First day of sun sign Leo
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External links
July 22 - July 24 - June 23 - August 23 -- listing of all days
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